Archive for the Category Business Strategy

 
 

每个人都有“练级”欲

有人的地方就有权力和地位之争。

一个网站,哪怕是非盈利性的公益网站,也必须让用户有晋升的机会和余地,晋升机制又不能设计的太难,最好是看上去触手可得又永远都会有那么一米之隔。就好像打游戏练级一样,如果一个游戏没有晋级机制,没人会认真去玩。如果你能让用户很有快感的晋级,即使让他们付钱都乐意,《征途》就是这么赚钱的。

人性的弱点暴露无疑。

Where human exists, power and fight occur.

For a website, even non-commercial, account upgrading system is very important for each user. The difficult job is to keep the next position touchable and yet always a step away from current position. Just like a game.

No one takes a game seriously without upgrading system, and if you can provide an upgrading system with great experience, users would love to pay.

SNS,无聊不无聊啊?

每个人都在说SNS,国内除了校内以外,抄袭facebook连界面都一模一样的SNS网站至少还有20个,连号称很睿智很懂理论的麦田也把蚂蚁网几度强奸最后搞成了SNS。

我上Gmail是为了查邮件,上techcrunch是为了看新闻,那么我上SNS,一大堆没有关系的陌生人,你说我该干嘛?如果我不认识人家,我加什么好友?即使勉强加了好友,接下来我该干嘛?有谁能解决这个问题么?

回想起校内当年开始火的时候,同班男生对其定义为可以看到北大所有美女的照片。隔壁宿舍的某男每天都泡在上面看照片,可谓阅人无数,还精挑细选出了北大美女前xx强。我对校内的印象,至今也不过是个“男人上去泡妞、女人上去发骚”的地方。以前在校内的一个测试帐号,放了个美女头像,抄了几段非主流的自我介绍和发骚假日志,到现在还每天收到无辜青年的交友请求和站内告白信。“服务泡友”才是校内的核心公嫩,一直没有变过。51就更加直接了,完全国内最大的一夜情俱乐部。

其他SNS也不过如此。“交友和虚荣”是人性的永久需求,线下的傻B到了校内网上也能成性感明星。人总是在泡别人和被泡中徘徊。大部分SNS的核心价值到此为止。

再来看两个特殊的SNS:实名SNS和商务SNS

实名SNS:

我有facebook的帐号,不过从来不去,除非有人加我好友了才去approve一下。第一,我找不到主动加陌生人为好友的需求(要泡妞有更好的方法);第二,对熟人我更喜欢用gtalk或blog或email沟通。SNS里的沟通相当没有效率,明明就那么几句话,IM里可以说清楚的,非要通过SNS的站内信或者留言来传达,简直是“找虐型”人格。每次收到facebook里的留言,我就非常不爽,丫就不能给我发email啊?

Facebook里比较活跃的好友基本都是女生,属于发骚需求,整什么funWall,什么superPoke,满眼花里胡哨的,一打开就想关掉网页。如果一个男人在SNS里也能这么折腾,那必定应该去看医生了。

除了发骚、玩在线游戏,我实在不知道在实名SNS里可以做什么有意义的事情。

商务SNS:

当年受某老外的邀请,我也注册了linkedin的帐号,不过实在觉得很无聊,如果说要搜寻商机,哪个傻B会直接给linkedin里面的陌生manager打电话过去?如果要跟熟人沟通,又回到了上面的问题,尤其是商务人士,怎能忍受SNS这么没效率的沟通工具?既然如此,商务SNS也是个看上去很美的怪胎,首页上标着“1000万商务人士xxxx”,如果这些人互相之间无法沟通,没事可做,有个p用?

出名很久的商务SNS“联络家”,根据数据估算出来的每天访问人数不会超过1000人,已经宣告脑死亡。一度火爆的msnnext也转型成了“忙否”,界面还是克隆facebook,但活的比linkist更惨,每天的访问人数还不如我的博客多。天际网最初其实跟校内非常相似,只不过是给白领泡友互相泡,现在也偷偷转型成了招聘网站,识时务为俊杰。国内只有wealink还在死撑着,看他能撑到什么时候。国外的几家linkedinxing之流看上去活的还不错,不过我可以断言全靠资本支撑着,从五六十美金的CPM价格就可以看出来,钱烧完了也就滚蛋了。

SNS的劣根性在于,所有SNS都没有解决“两个陌生人可以做什么事情?”这个关键问题。光说“我们成为好友吧”,又没事可做,实在是很虚伪的事情。这样的脆弱关系,最后只能沦为陌路人,或者沦为泡友。

不过我不认为SNS会死掉,因为两个陌生人之间还是可以做很多事情的,最简单的就是泡与被泡,其实还可以开拓一下领域:同城出游、预定团购、虚拟服务等。

但最关键的是方向问题。所有SNS都是从SNS->被迫转型->功能服务,而不是功能服务->自然衍生->SNS

SNS不该是一个根基,而应该是一个由用户需求所自然衍生的末支工具。一个网站有一个实用的核心功能,吸引用户,再添加SNS就是锦上添花;而反过来,没有核心功能,单纯的搞100%的SNS,那吸引来的必然只是一帮泡友而已。

互联网商业模式备忘

按照盈利模式的分类,不外乎两种:

1、终端销售:也就是直接卖产品。比如DELL的网站,用户付钱,网站卖货。

B2C:低价进货,高价卖出,最保险的模式。

卖软件:在中国,这个模式几乎已经死了。

信息付费或订阅模式:用户定期付租金,享受定期的信息推送,比如中国移动的新闻早晚报业务就是如此。或者付费下载或在线播放音乐、电影等。不过这个模式快寿终正寝了。

2、中间渠道:也就是帮终端销售吸引客户的,通过广告或者销售提成赚钱,大部分网站都属于这一类。

普通广告模式:最简单最普遍的模式,把流量作上去,卖广告位,或者提供免费的软件,在软件的界面上放广告。不过这也是我最不看好的模式,因为用户正在变得越来越没有耐心

无聊中的广告:在用户无聊又没法做正事的时候,广告就不在是广告,而是救星了。分众传媒深谙此道,电梯里公车上放广告,大家也都喜欢看。土豆网在视频loading的时候放个广告,大部分用户也可以接受。现在的电影院也已经开始这么干了

C2C:搭建平台,用户自由交易,收取交易佣金,比如淘宝,C2C比B2C更容易规模化,但是投入和运营门槛更高。

widget:为大公司做应用插件。比如rockyou之于facebooktapulous之于iphone,还有一些给Ebay卖家做商品照片flash服务的网站等,传统行业中的网游外挂,QQ签名头像等生意,本质也是这类。这种模式这几年比较看好,已经进入成熟期。

个性化的精准广告:通过Email服务、RSS服务、SNS服务等手段收集并分析用户私人信息(位置、收入、兴趣等),并在合适的时机推送变相广告,而用户并不觉得是广告。这是未来的趋势,只不过自然语言识别的技术门槛非常高。目前有人在做(比如Gmail)或者打算要做(比如鲜果),但精准性还是不行。

代收费模式:自己不卖东西,但是占据了支付系统的资源,通过促成商家和客户之间的交易,从中抽取commission。比如做网页支付的paypal,和做手机支付的fortumo.com

不定期更新中。。。。

A Long-tail case study

This morning when I opened google analytics, I was a little bit surprised that CAIMAI’s daily unique visits increased by 30%, and 90% of visits came from Baidu search results. The interesting part is the 90% of leading keywords are very infrequent, such as:

  • The best Peking Roasted Duck
  • The best movie about mummified corpse
  • The most popular blood type in Taiwan
  • The best way of oral sex
  • Why people like panda
  • ….

Since CAIMAI is a Chinese web2.0 site for sharing the best stuff and best memories (similar to Bestuff.com) , everything could be found on it. That’s why so many wacky keywords work.

I immediately told myself:”WOW! This is a good case for long tail theory.”

But I was suddenly frustrated when I saw a 70% high bounce rate. Damn, Netflix is not like that. So What’s the difference?

There are official sites for Roasted Duck, and movie, and blood type analysis, and sex position, and panda. They are more professional & detailed than CAIMAI in this specific area. In contrast, there are scarcely any substitute for those hard-to-find DVDs which could be only found on Netflix ( Those add up to 21% of all sales).

Yeah. I guess substitutability is fatal weakness for a failed Long Tail model.

One trick to deal with picky users 一招搞定挑剔用户

To Mika:

Yesterday I got a photo from an US model who requested a diva-look retouch effect. I made 2 versions with different diva styles. And I was confused which one would be better for my customer.

When I was thinking about this question, I reminded myself of a common phenomenon: sometimes when customers are not satisfied, they can’t even tell which part is wrong. They just want improvement for no reason.

That’s it! Customers are not satisfied because we give them the right to be picky. Animals always want more. When it’s zero-cost but high-benefit to be picky, it’s really hard to abandon this decent right.

There’s one trick to deal with it: Make 2 versions and ask your customer to choose a better one.

For example: Jenny and Linda are both ugly and fat. When Tom is asked “Who is prettier?”, he has no choice but to choose the less ugly one (suppose Linda is less ugly). Then I can tell Linda :”Tom said you are pretty”. Tom can not deny that even he want to say “WTF????”

The same thing happens when a customer say “I think this one is better than that one”. Well, this trick switches user’s attention from unknown “Absolute Standard” to specific and clear “Relative Standard”, which make it easier to be satisfied.

昨天给一个美国的模特做了一张图,对方要求要有歌剧女主角的感觉。最后设计师做了两个版本,都很不错,一个是茶花女的悲伤凄凉的感觉,一个是歌剧魅影的华丽四射的感觉。两个版本我都喜欢,但系统只允许传一张。我不知道哪张才会让用户满意。如果因为用户喜欢茶花女,而我恰恰传了歌剧魅影,哪岂不是太冤了。

突然想到以前用户对我们的作品不满意的时候,往往他们自己也不知道哪里不满意,也无法提出具体的改进意见 。总之就是觉得不满意,还可以更好。

分析了一下,这也是一个心理现象。客户一般都不愿意放弃挑刺的权利,因为挑刺的成本为零,收益却大于零。人们买东西的时候总会故意说些毛病出来,期待卖家赠送些赠品作为补偿。如果不挑刺,潜意识里就会觉得放弃了谈判的筹码,损失了潜在的利益,那就亏了。人就是有这种弱点,不知道是否叫“贪婪欲”。

在这种前提下,有一招“比较法”可以有效的对付这种客户:出两个设计版本,强迫客户从中挑一个,比如在shute面前亮出两个丑女,A和B,问“A和B哪个更漂亮?”,shute知道B比A更丑,于是只能说A更漂亮。然后我可以名正言顺的对A说:“shute说你很漂亮哦”。shute即使听到了也只能忍气吞声。

比较法”这可以把用户的注意力从“主动挑刺” 转移到“被动比较”上去,本质上是把绝对标准变成了相对标准。绝对标准是高不可及的(用户自己都不知道怎样才是最好),但相对标准只是两个版本里较好的那个。

前几天和shute聊天的时候,改进后的用户策略本质就是这招,故意混淆绝对标准和相对标准,却让人短时间没有反应过来,跌入了这个陷阱。从而让火种有了骚扰用户的机会。

Dharmesh Shah’s tips for Student Entrepreneurs

来自onstartups.comDharmesh Shah在MIT分享了一些创业的心得,这家伙刚为他的hubspot搞定17Million的投资。

总结和扩充如下:

点子不太好没关系:点子会在实践中越炼越好。在你投身进入创业之前,不可能搞定完美的计划。别浪费太多时间在商业计划书上。开始运作之后,点子自然会改进,甚至变得与最初完全不同。

别老想着找风投:一开始先好好做点东西出来,不然拉风投也是白搭。在有价值的产品出来之前,拿到风投的机会非常低。安心做好产品,吸引到客户。只要有人愿意花钱购买你的产品,你就成功了。

目标合适就好:不是每个人都能做到年收入10亿美金这种规模的 ,上次David Heinemeier Hansson的演讲里也提到这个问题。成为下一个YouTube或下一个Facebook的几率是1/100000000000,而成为下一个37signals的几率是1/100000,为什么不做下一个37signal呢,一年赚几十个Million不是很好么?

找到合适的合作伙伴:学生的最大好处,是很容易找到志同道合、目的单纯的伙伴。这是一个成功的startup不可缺少的因素。创业公司一开始往往太关注资金,却忽视了一个事实:团队才是最关键的因素。等公司开始运作之后,就会明白这个真理。

别高估创业的风险:第一次创业的公司90%都会失败,但是这并不意味着创业者本人的失败。对于即将毕业的学生,尽管放弃了大公司的稳定工作,但是经过一次创业之后,会有更高的几率获得事业上的成功;只要他愿意被人雇佣,也会比普通学生更容易找到好工作。找到一个创业计划,立即开始吧!

原文如下:
1. It’s alright if your idea is sort of crappy: Most startup ideas start out kind of crappy. The good news is that once you get started, you’ll start learning more and your ideas will get better. But you have to get into the game and start doing things in order for your idea/startup to get better. Don’t sit on the sidelines waiting for the perfect idea. Get started early and improve the idea.

2. Don’t try to raise VC funding too early: Most student entrepreneurs (or recent grads) with early stage companies should not try and raise venture capital. The odds of succeeding are low and for most, it’ll be a waste of time and energy. Instead, work on the product/offering and work on finding some great people you’d love to do something spectacular with.

3. If you do hit the VC circuit…remember that there are two possible outcomes: One. You spend months being miserable and depressed instead of doing what you love (working on the company). Or two, you spend months being miserable and depressed and you get some cash.

4. Modest goals are just fine. Too many folks think that startups are all about buying your ticket in the $1 billion outcome lottery (and be the next Facebook or YouTube). You don’t have to do that. I think it’s sub-optimal for a first-time entrepreneur. Look for successive wins — even if they’re modest. The only people that tell you that you have to build a huge company are VC investors. The reason is that they need all of their entrepreneurs building gigantic businesses (so that at least one or two will actually do that and give them the gains they need). The example I used: If this is your first company (you haven’t had a “liquidity event” yet), then shooting for a 10% chance at a $50 million outcome (E.V. = $5 million) is much better than a 1% chance at a $1 billion outcome (E.V. = $10 million). The reason is that for you personally, the value of the extra millions above a certain point diminishes quickly. Trust me.

5. Find Your Co-Founders: Student entrepreneurs are in a unique position in their careers where not only are they starry-eyed optimists (we all should be), they’re around other starry-eyed optimists. Find the best and brightest of these folks and start something. Join up!

6. You don’t need a business plan: Nobody cares about business plans. Investors won’t read them. They take a lot of time. Just work on the idea, work on the team and work on getting customers (or understanding why you’re not getting customers).

7. Don’t overestimate the risk: If you’re just about to graduate (or have recently graduated), you might tend to overestimate the actual risk in a startup. Sure, it’s not going to pay you what you’d get at a big company, but the odds of you being able to find some job later, if things just go horribly are pretty high.

8. GET STARTED NOW: It doesn’t take much effort to get a company started (though granted, actually growing one successfully is non-trivial). But, the first step is really, really easy and there’s no reason not to take it. Your best lessons, ideas and opportunities will start showing up after you’ve started a company. So go do it.